Humanities & Social Sciences 3 (2016 9) 678-686 ~ ~ ~ УДК 215-572 Trans-humanism as an Anthropological Problem Igor V. Aksenov* Department of Religious Education and Catechesis of the Diocese of Vyborg 1 Il’inskaia, Vyborg, Leningrad region, 188800, Russia Received 07.12.2015, received in revised form 18.01.2016, accepted 07.02.2016 What is the individual? <...> From the scientifi c point of view, the individual is a material object – a body. <...> In Christian anthropology the individual is a created being, he is a material object – a body, and he is a person – subject, transcending the material world of objects at the same time. <...> Philosophy gives different defi nitions of individual but in the mid-twentieth century the rejection of the human being, as a subject and as an existing being, was openly proclaimed for the fi rst time by structuralism – the founder of trans-humanism. <...> The aim of the philosophical concept of transhumanism is to liberate the human race from the inherent biological limitations. <...> Modern scientifi c and technological progress with its opportunity to reformat the human nature almost reached this concept. <...> The science came the most closely to the real opportunity of changing of the human nature in the area of application of modern biomedical technologies that today allow us not only to provide medical assistance in overcoming diseases and relieving suffering, but also directly control the human life from its beginning to its end. <...> For example, modern assisted reproductive technologies in fact substitute the natural processes of child-bearing and are connected with different manipulations with a future life of an individual. <...> The understanding of individual in Modern science, philosophical and Christian anthropology in There exists understanding an the essential distinction individual between modern science, philosophical and Christian © Siberian Federal University. <...> From the scientifi c point of view, the human being remains to be considered as a representative of the biological is species Homo sapiens of the hominid family of mammal order, though a complexly organized social being, whose behavior determined Igor A. Aksenov. <...> Trans-humanism as an Anthropological Problem with both biological factors. <...> Secularization of and non-biological scientifi c knowledge of the human being led to the result summarized by the famous psychologist of the Soviet period A.N. Leontyev in the following words: “We took the human being to pieces and learned to “compute” every one, but we are <...>