Инженерная графика / Engeneering Graphics (171,00 руб.)

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UDC 514 Authors: T.A. Zhilkina, E.L. Spirina, E.A. Stepura, L.N. Somarriba Sokolova, S.S. Fedorov Reviewers: Candidate of Technical Sciences, Associate Professor A.Y. Borisova, Associate Professor of the Department of Engineering Graphics and Computer Modeling at NRU MGSU; Candidate of Architecture N.S. Kalinina, Head of the Postgraduate School Moscow Architectural Institute (State Academy), member of the Union of Moscow Architects Engeneering Graphics : Educational and methodical manual / [T.A. Zhilkina, E.L. Spirina, E.A. Stepura and others] ; Mini stry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation, Federal State Budget Educati onal Institution of Higher Education “Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (National Research University)”, Department of Engineering Graphics and Computer Modeling. — Moscow : MISI – MGSU Publishing house, 2023. — URL: http:// lib.mgsu.ru. — Title page. the screen. — Text : electronic. ISBN 978-5-7264-3287-8 (network) ISBN 978-5-7264-3288-5 (local) The training manual discusses the theoretical foundations of constructing a projection drawing and algorithms for solving basic problems related to the construction of sections and lines of intersection of surfaces; the basic requirements of GOST ESKD and SPDS for the design and execution of technical and architectural and construction drawings are given; basic concepts and techniques for working on a drawing using a CAD system are given. They are intended for use in practical classes, as well as in the independent preparation of students for the current control and intermediate certification in the discipline “Engineering and computer graphics”. For students in the field of training 08.03.01 Construction. Educational electronic publication © MGSU, 2023

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Contents INTRODUCTION .............................................................................................................................................. 6 1. PROJECTION DRAWING THEORY ........................................................................................................... 7 1.1. Basic positional and metric tasks on the complex drawing .................................................................... 7 1.1.1. Fundamentals of projection image on drawings. Point, line, plane ............................................. 7 Projection of points by coordinates on the orthogonal drawing .................................................... 7 Definition of plane traces and determination of its visibility ......................................................... 7 Definition of distance from point to plane ..................................................................................... 9 Drawing a plane parallel to a given plane and separated from it at a certain distance................. 11 Construction of a plane passing through an arbitrary point and perpendicular to a line .............. 12 1.2. Surface projection................................................................................................................................. 12 1.2.1. Definition of geometric body projections .................................................................................. 13 Prism projections ......................................................................................................................... 13 Pyramid projections ..................................................................................................................... 13 Cylinder projections ..................................................................................................................... 14 Cone projections .......................................................................................................................... 14 Sphere projections ........................................................................................................................ 15 1.2.2. Sections of polyhedra and bodies of revolution by a plane ....................................................... 15 Intersection of a surface with a plane of partial position ............................................................. 16 Definition of geometric body projections with cutouts ................................................................ 18 1.2.3. Mutual intersection of surfaces .................................................................................................. 19 Mutual intersection of polyhedra ................................................................................................. 19 Mutual intersection of a polyhedron and a curved surface. Using the projecting properties of surfaces when building an intersection line ............................................................................. 21 Mutual intersection of curved surfaces. Method of auxiliary cutting planes ............................... 21 Mutual intersection of revolution surfaces. Method of auxiliary cutting spheres ........................ 22 2. TYPES OF DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION DEVELOPMENT DOCUMENTATION ........................ 23 2.1. The main types of design documentation ............................................................................................. 23 2.1.1. Design documentation. General concepts .................................................................................. 23 2.1.2. Main types of design products ................................................................................................... 23 2.1.3. Design documentation for construction ..................................................................................... 23 2.2. Design of technical drawing ................................................................................................................. 23 2.2.1. How to design technical drawings ............................................................................................. 23 2.2.2. Unified system of construction documentation ......................................................................... 23 2.3. Projections on drawings ....................................................................................................................... 28 2.3.1. Views, cuts, sections. Basic rules of drawing execution ........................................................... 28 2.3.2. Image layout. Building three views of a detail .......................................................................... 33 2.3.3. Axonometric projections ........................................................................................................... 34 4

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2.4. Drawings of constructive detail connections ........................................................................................ 36 2.4.1. Types of connections and rules for their display on drawings ................................................... 36 Classification of constructive detail connections ......................................................................... 36 Illustrations of threaded connections on drawings ....................................................................... 36 2.4.2. Bolted connection ...................................................................................................................... 37 2.5. Architectural and construction technical drawings .............................................................................. 39 2.5.1. Basic rules for the execution of architectural and construction technical drawings .................. 39 2.5.2. Rules for the graphic design of plan view drawings .................................................................. 41 2.5.3. Rules for graphic design of drawings sections of buildings. Calculation of stairs .................... 42 Graphic design of the building section ........................................................................................ 42 Ladder calculation and graphic design ......................................................................................... 43 2.5.4. Graphic design of the building façade ....................................................................................... 44 2.5.5. Building design by CAD as a base for the information model .................................................. 44 3. ENGINEERING APPLICATION GRAPHICS AND SOFTWARE SOLUTIONS .................................... 47 3.1. CAD softwares ..................................................................................................................................... 47 3.1.1. Russian CAD softwares ............................................................................................................. 47 3.1.2. Foreign CAD software products ................................................................................................ 48 3.2. 2D-Моdeling ........................................................................................................................................ 49 3.2.1. Preparing the work environment ............................................................................................... 49 3.2.2. Ways of setting two-dimensional points .................................................................................... 50 3.2.3. Methods for creating a flat outline ............................................................................................. 50 Simple objects (primitives) .......................................................................................................... 51 Complex graphics (primitives)..................................................................................................... 51 3.2.4. Setting drawing modes .............................................................................................................. 52 Means for ensuring the accuracy of point assignment ................................................................. 52 Modes of fixing the directions of specifying points..................................................................... 52 Grid and snapping ........................................................................................................................ 52 3.2.5. Command styles. Styles of geometric objects ........................................................................... 53 Multiline style .............................................................................................................................. 53 Text style ...................................................................................................................................... 53 3.2.6. Editing drawings ........................................................................................................................ 53 Commands for changing object position ..................................................................................... 53 Commands for copying objects.................................................................................................... 54 Commands for reshaping objects ................................................................................................. 54 Delete commands ......................................................................................................................... 54 Object conversion commands ...................................................................................................... 55 3.2.7. Working with layers .................................................................................................................. 55 3.2.8. Working with blocks and attributes ........................................................................................... 56 Blocks .......................................................................................................................................... 56 Block attributes ............................................................................................................................ 56 Bibliography ..................................................................................................................................................... 57 5

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