Fundamentals of Toxicology : Tutorial (190,00 руб.)

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UDC 615.9(075) Published by the decision of the Editorial Review Board of the Kazan National Research Technological University Reviewers: PhD., Professor G. Budnikov PhD., Professor S. Egorova Garmonov S. Fundamentals of Toxicology : Tutorial / S. Garmonov, L. Nugbienyo; The Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation, Kazan National Research Technological University. – Kazan : KNRTU Press, 2023. – 96 p. ISBN 978-5-7882-3418-2 This tutorial describes the properties of toxic chemical compounds, as well as the characteristics of the process of intoxication by these compounds. It explores toxicometric and toxicokinetic parameters of mechanisms of toxic activity of chemical substances. Substantial focus is placed on the stages of poisoning, the use of antidotes, and the problems of ecotoxicology. This is a teaching and learning resource for undergraduate and postgraduate students of pharmaceutical, ecological and food sciences. Developed at the Department of Analytical Chemistry, Certification and Quality Management. UDC 615.9(075) ISBN 978-5-7882-3418-2 © S. Garmonov, L. Nugbienyo, 2023 © Kazan National Research Technological University, 2023 2

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CONT ENTS Introduction ............................................................................................................ 5 List of abbreviations ............................................................................................... 7 1. TOXIC PROPERTIES OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES ................................ 9 1.1. Concepts of toxicity ...................................................................................... 9 1.2. Characteristics of toxicity ........................................................................... 14 1.3. Toxicity of nanomolecules ......................................................................... 19 Questions & Assignments ................................................................................. 24 2. TOXICOMETRY ............................................................................................. 25 2.1. Toxicometric parameters ............................................................................ 25 2.2. Regulation of toxicants in environmental samples .................................... 28 2.3. Dose-effect relationships ............................................................................ 31 2.4. Characteristics of combined and complex toxic effects............................. 35 Questions & Assignments ................................................................................. 38 3. TOXICOKINETICS ........................................................................................ 40 3.1. Interaction of toxicants with biological systems ....................................... 40 3.2. Transport of toxicants across biomembranes ............................................. 41 3.3. Toxicokinetic processes ............................................................................. 45 3.4. Quantitative characteristics of toxicokinetics ............................................ 48 3.5. Biotransformation and excretion of xenobiotics ........................................ 50 3.6. Individual toxicological reactions .............................................................. 64 Questions & Assignments ................................................................................. 70 4. POISONING AND ITS TREATMENT .......................................................... 72 4.1. Stages of poisoning .................................................................................... 72 4.2. Antidotes ..................................................................................................... 76 Questions & Assignments ................................................................................. 79 3

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5. ECOTOXICOLOGY ....................................................................................... 80 5.1. Environmental xenobiotic profile ............................................................... 80 5.2. Ecotoxicokinetics ....................................................................................... 82 5.3. Ecotoxicodynamics .................................................................................... 88 Questions & Assignments ................................................................................. 92 CONCLUSION .................................................................................................... 93 LITERATURE ..................................................................................................... 94 4

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